This works in Mozilla 1+, Netscape 7+, Opera 7+, Safari build 60+, OmniWeb 4.5+, Konqueror 3.2+, iCab 3+ and IE 5.5+ on Windows (using DHTML behaviours)

This produces a styled nested list in IE 4, Netscape 4, OmniWeb 4.2-, iCab 2- and WebTV
This does not function as a menu or a complete list in Netscape 6, Opera 6-, Konqueror 3.0-, Konqueror 3.1 (bug), Internet Explorer on Mac, ICEbrowser, Escape and Clue browser
If you are interested in making it horizontal, try CrazyTB’s menu. It does not work in IE (IE’s CSS sucks, so this is nothing new), but it does work very well in the others.
This requires browsers to be able to understand the > selector, to support :hover over li elements, to be able to correctly position li elements relatively, and ul elements absolutely, to support the display style, and to be able to change display when :hover is detected. Alternatively, a conditional comment and DHTML behaviours make it work in IE 5.5-6. See below for all the CSS used to make it work – substantially smaller than the equivalent JavaScript.
It does not need ANY JavaScript knowledge to set it up. Browsers that do not understand it will simply show a nested list so that the menu could still be used – with JavaScript menus, these browsers would show nothing. With many browsers, the menu will work, even if the user has disabled JavaScript. You can make any nested list into a menu simply by making its class ‘makeMenu’.

To position this menu elsewhere on the page, all you need to do is make ul.makeMenu positioned using CSS positioning, and changing the colours is easy using the stylesheets and the HTC file. To make the menu open to the left instead of to the right, just change the 78px to -78px and 80px to -80px.

<style type=”text/css”>
ul.makeMenu, ul.makeMenu ul {
width: 80px; /* sets the size of the menu blocks */
border: 1px solid #000; /* puts a black border around the menu blocks */
background-color: #8aa; /* makes the menu blocks mint green – a bg-color MUST be included for IE to work properly! */
padding-left: 0px; /* stops the usual indent from ul */
cursor: default; /* gives an arrow cursor */
margin-left: 0px; /* Opera 7 final’s margin and margin-box model cause problems */
}
ul.makeMenu li {
list-style-type: none; /* removes the bullet points */
margin: 0px; /* Opera 7 puts large spacings between li elements */
position: relative; /* makes the menu blocks be positioned relative to their parent menu item
the lack of offset makes these appear normal, but it will make a difference
to the absolutely positioned child blocks */
color: #fff; /* sets the default font colour to white */
}
ul.makeMenu li > ul { /* using the > selector prevents many lesser browsers (and IE – see below) hiding child ULs */
display: none; /* hides child menu blocks – one of the most important declarations */
position: absolute; /* make child blocks hover without leaving space for them */
top: 2px; /* position slightly lower than the parent menu item */
left: 80px; /* this must not be more than the width of the parent block, or the mouse will
have to move off the element to move between blocks, and the menu will close */
}
ul.makeMenu li:hover, ul.makeMenu li.CSStoHighlight {
background-color: #ffa; /* gives the active menu items a yellow background */
color: #000; /* makes the active menu item text black */
}
ul.makeMenu ul.CSStoShow { /* must not be combined with the next rule or IE gets confused */
display: block; /* specially to go with the className changes in the behaviour file */
}
ul.makeMenu li:hover > ul { /* one of the most important declarations – the browser must detect hovering over arbitrary elements
the > targets only the child ul, not any child uls of that child ul */
display: block; /* makes the child block visible – one of the most important declarations */
}
/* and some link styles */
ul.makeMenu li a { color: #fff; display: block; width: 100%; text-decoration: underline; }
ul.makeMenu li a:hover, ul.makeMenu li a.CSStoHighLink { color: #000; }
ul.makeMenu li:hover > a { color: #000; } /* supports links in branch headings – should not be display: block; */
</style>
<!–[if gt IE 5.0]><![if lt IE 7]>
<style type=”text/css”>
/* that IE 5+ conditional comment makes this only visible in IE 5+ */
ul.makeMenu li { /* the behaviour to mimic the li:hover rules in IE 5+ */
behavior: url( IEmen.htc );
}
ul.makeMenu ul { /* copy of above declaration without the > selector, except left position is wrong */
display: none; position: absolute; top: 2px; left: 78px;
}
</style>
<![endif]><![endif]–>

<ul class=”makeMenu”>
<li>>> Lips
<ul>
<li><a href=”cat.html”>Cat</a></li>
<li><a href=”rabbit.html”>Rabbit</a></li>
<li><a href=”dingo.html”>Dingo</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>>> Ears
<ul>
<li>Elephant >>
<ul>
<li><a href=”indian.html”>Indian</a></li>
<li><a href=”african.html”>African</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href=”monkey.html”>Monkey</a></li>
<li><a href=”dog.html”>Dog</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>>> Eyes
<ul>
<li><a href=”pig.html”>Pig</a></li>
<li><a href=”bird.html”>Bird</a></li>
<li><a href=”worm.html”>Worm</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href=”accessibleLink.html”>>> Noses</a>
<ul>
<li><a href=”bat.html”>Bat</a></li>
<li><a href=”fish.html”>Fish</a></li>
<li><a href=”panther.html”>Panther</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

Many of the properties used in Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) are similar to those of HTML. Thus, if you are used to use HTML for layout, you will most likely recognize many of the codes. Let us look at a concrete example.
The basic CSS syntax

Let’s say we want a nice red color as the background of a webpage:

Using HTML we could have done it like this:

With CSS the same result can be achieved like this:

body {background-color: #FF0000;}

As you will note, the codes are more or less identical for HTML and CSS. The above example also shows you the fundamental CSS model:

Applying CSS to an HTML document

There are three ways you can apply CSS to an HTML document. These methods are all outlined below. We recommend that you focus on the third method i.e. external.
Method 1: In-line (the attribute style)

One way to apply CSS to HTML is by using the HTML attribute style. Building on the above example with the red background color, it can be applied like this:

This is a red page

Method 2: Internal (the tag style)

Another way is to include the CSS codes using the HTML tag

This is a red page

Method 3: External (link to a style sheet)

The recommended method is to link to a so-called external style sheet. Throughout this tutorial we will use this method in all our examples.

An external style sheet is simply a text file with the extension .css. Like any other file, you can place the style sheet on your web server or hard disk.

For example, let's say that your style sheet is named style.css and is located in a folder named style. The situation can be illustrated like this:

The trick is to create a link from the HTML document (default.htm) to the style sheet (style.css). Such link can be created with one line of HTML code:

Notice how the path to our style sheet is indicated using the attribute href.

The line of code must be inserted in the header section of the HTML code i.e. between the and tags. Like this:

This link tells the browser that it should use the layout from the CSS file when displaying the HTML file.
The really smart thing is that several HTML documents can be linked to the same style sheet. In other words, one CSS file can be used to control the layout of many HTML documents.

This works in Mozilla 1+, Netscape 7+, Opera 7+, Safari build 60+, OmniWeb 4.5+, Konqueror 3.2+, iCab 3+ and IE 5.5+ on Windows (using DHTML behaviours)

This produces a styled nested list in IE 4, Netscape 4, OmniWeb 4.2-, iCab 2- and WebTV
This does not function as a menu or a complete list in Netscape 6, Opera 6-, Konqueror 3.0-, Konqueror 3.1 (bug), Internet Explorer on Mac, ICEbrowser, Escape and Clue browser
If you are interested in making it horizontal, try CrazyTB’s menu. It does not work in IE (IE’s CSS sucks, so this is nothing new), but it does work very well in the others.
This requires browsers to be able to understand the > selector, to support :hover over li elements, to be able to correctly position li elements relatively, and ul elements absolutely, to support the display style, and to be able to change display when :hover is detected. Alternatively, a conditional comment and DHTML behaviours make it work in IE 5.5-6. See below for all the CSS used to make it work – substantially smaller than the equivalent JavaScript.
It does not need ANY JavaScript knowledge to set it up. Browsers that do not understand it will simply show a nested list so that the menu could still be used – with JavaScript menus, these browsers would show nothing. With many browsers, the menu will work, even if the user has disabled JavaScript. You can make any nested list into a menu simply by making its class ‘makeMenu’.

To position this menu elsewhere on the page, all you need to do is make ul.makeMenu positioned using CSS positioning, and changing the colours is easy using the stylesheets and the HTC file. To make the menu open to the left instead of to the right, just change the 78px to -78px and 80px to -80px.

<style type=”text/css”>
ul.makeMenu, ul.makeMenu ul {
width: 80px; /* sets the size of the menu blocks */
border: 1px solid #000; /* puts a black border around the menu blocks */
background-color: #8aa; /* makes the menu blocks mint green – a bg-color MUST be included for IE to work properly! */
padding-left: 0px; /* stops the usual indent from ul */
cursor: default; /* gives an arrow cursor */
margin-left: 0px; /* Opera 7 final’s margin and margin-box model cause problems */
}
ul.makeMenu li {
list-style-type: none; /* removes the bullet points */
margin: 0px; /* Opera 7 puts large spacings between li elements */
position: relative; /* makes the menu blocks be positioned relative to their parent menu item
the lack of offset makes these appear normal, but it will make a difference
to the absolutely positioned child blocks */
color: #fff; /* sets the default font colour to white */
}
ul.makeMenu li > ul { /* using the > selector prevents many lesser browsers (and IE – see below) hiding child ULs */
display: none; /* hides child menu blocks – one of the most important declarations */
position: absolute; /* make child blocks hover without leaving space for them */
top: 2px; /* position slightly lower than the parent menu item */
left: 80px; /* this must not be more than the width of the parent block, or the mouse will
have to move off the element to move between blocks, and the menu will close */
}
ul.makeMenu li:hover, ul.makeMenu li.CSStoHighlight {
background-color: #ffa; /* gives the active menu items a yellow background */
color: #000; /* makes the active menu item text black */
}
ul.makeMenu ul.CSStoShow { /* must not be combined with the next rule or IE gets confused */
display: block; /* specially to go with the className changes in the behaviour file */
}
ul.makeMenu li:hover > ul { /* one of the most important declarations – the browser must detect hovering over arbitrary elements
the > targets only the child ul, not any child uls of that child ul */
display: block; /* makes the child block visible – one of the most important declarations */
}
/* and some link styles */
ul.makeMenu li a { color: #fff; display: block; width: 100%; text-decoration: underline; }
ul.makeMenu li a:hover, ul.makeMenu li a.CSStoHighLink { color: #000; }
ul.makeMenu li:hover > a { color: #000; } /* supports links in branch headings – should not be display: block; */
</style>
<!–[if gt IE 5.0]><![if lt IE 7]>
<style type=”text/css”>
/* that IE 5+ conditional comment makes this only visible in IE 5+ */
ul.makeMenu li { /* the behaviour to mimic the li:hover rules in IE 5+ */
behavior: url( IEmen.htc );
}
ul.makeMenu ul { /* copy of above declaration without the > selector, except left position is wrong */
display: none; position: absolute; top: 2px; left: 78px;
}
</style>
<![endif]><![endif]–>

<ul class=”makeMenu”>
<li>>> Lips
<ul>
<li><a href=”cat.html”>Cat</a></li>
<li><a href=”rabbit.html”>Rabbit</a></li>
<li><a href=”dingo.html”>Dingo</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>>> Ears
<ul>
<li>Elephant >>
<ul>
<li><a href=”indian.html”>Indian</a></li>
<li><a href=”african.html”>African</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href=”monkey.html”>Monkey</a></li>
<li><a href=”dog.html”>Dog</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>>> Eyes
<ul>
<li><a href=”pig.html”>Pig</a></li>
<li><a href=”bird.html”>Bird</a></li>
<li><a href=”worm.html”>Worm</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href=”accessibleLink.html”>>> Noses</a>
<ul>
<li><a href=”bat.html”>Bat</a></li>
<li><a href=”fish.html”>Fish</a></li>
<li><a href=”panther.html”>Panther</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

• Make Background 20 %
• Set stage dimensions in Flash 5 %
• Import Background 5 %
• Make Buttons 20 %
• Make Pages – Movie Clips 20 %

Insert Pictures

• Set frame labels in main timeline for pages 5 %
• Apply actions 25 %
• Make Background in Photoshop
• File – New – Set Size pixels
• When finished – File – Save for Web
• o Save file as a .png (png 24) or a .jpg – USE JPG if POSSIBLE –
• smaller file size!!!
• Set Stage Dimensions in Flash
• Modify – Document (Set stage dimension a little larger than your
• background)
• Change frame rate to 24 fps.
• Choose stage color

Import Background into Flash

• File – Import to Library
• Insert New Symbol – Graphic

Drag background picture into new symbol
o Align to Stage (Alt – K)

• Goto main timeline – Insert new layer – Background
• Drag background symbol onto stage in Background Layer.

Make Buttons in Flash
- Insert – New Symbol – Button – (Name it)
- Inside the button symbol – Be sure to have 2 layers – One for text and one
for the shape
Fundamentals of Web Design
Semester Exam
Mr. Samanich
- Change the Button and Text accordingly – Remember to insert keyframes.
Make Pages – Movie Clips
- Insert – New Symbol – Movie Clip – (Name it your page name)
- Inside the new page symbol, be sure to have three layers as well. One for
the text on the page, one for the shape, and one for the image of the page.
- Using the rectangle tool, draw your page. Be sure you are on the correct
layer.
- Go to the text layer and select the Text tool. Be sure to change your text
box to a dynamic text box so that we can add a scroll bar later.
- Using your text tool, draw the shape of your text box.
- Go to components and drag a scroll bar into your text box.
- Type your information. – (Be sure to click the render as html button <>)
- Drag an instance of your image onto the stage from the library and resize
if necessary
- To make more pages – go into the library and duplicate the page movie
clips. Rename them, and change the type inside of each new movie clip.
Adding Pages to the Main Stage
- Insert a layer called Pages
- Go to the desired frame (frame 10) and place a blank keyframe (F7).
- Open your library (Alt + L) and drag an instance onto the stage – position
it where you want it.
- To add the next page, add a blank keyframe (F7) in the next desired frame
(frame 20). Repeat the above process.
Apply Actions to make it all work!
- Remember – Actions can go in one of two places!! Inside a frame (frame
action) or on top of a button (object action)
- Insert a new layer – name it actions. Place a “stop” action in Frame 1
(Start + F9) Double click on the stop action.
- On the main stage, select the first button with the Arrow Tool
- Press (Start + F9) to bring up your actions. Under the Timeline Control
actions book, double click on the goto action. Select the goto and stop
radio button. Change frame number to frame label and select the correct
frame label below.
-Test the movie – Alt + Enter

Wireless LANs have gained strong popularity in a number of vertical markets, including the health-care, retail, manufacturing, warehousing, and academia. These industries have profited from the productivity gains of using hand-held terminals and notebook computers to transmit real-time information to centralized hosts for processing. Today wireless LANs are becoming more widely recognized as a general-purpose connectivity alternative for a broad range of business customers. Business Research Group, a market research firm, predicts a sixfold expansion of the worldwide
wireless LAN market by the year 2000, reaching more than $2 billion in revenues.

With an increase in the use of wireless Internet technology, security professionals recommend that you take a moment to review your home’s wireless security. When you have an insecure wireless network, people many houses away from your home might be able to connect to your system and the Internet. Anyone connecting to your system could have access to your computers and access any passwords, financial or other personal information you have stored. While connected to your system, a person could also commit a crime and because you own the Internet connection, it could lead police back to you. For all these reasons, it is important to keep your wireless network secure. Below are some tips for keeping your wireless network as secure as possible.
Wireless Network Security Tips
• Install a firewall.
A firewall can help protect your computer in two ways. First, it can prevent unauthorized users from accessing your computer through the Internet or another network. It can also act as a barrier that checks data coming from outside your network and then blocks the data or allows it to pass through to your computer.

• Change the administrative password on your wireless routers. Wireless devices are shipped with default passwords for easy setup and access, but these passwords are easy to find on the vendor support sites and should be replaced with a strong secure password when you complete your installation.
• Change the default SSID name and turn off SSID broadcasting. The SSID is the public name of your wireless network. You should turn the SSID broadcasting feature off. This feature is set up to make it easier for any casual user whose is configured to connect to any available SSID broadcast it finds. Entering the SSID manually takes only a moment and will make it more difficult for any nearby user to log onto your network. You should also change the SSID name from the default name that is set up by the vendor, as these are just as easy to discover as the default passwords.
• Disable DHCP. For a small network with only a few nodes, consider disabling DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) on your router and assigning IP addresses to your computers manually. On newer wireless routers, you can even restrict access to the router to specified MAC addresses.
• Replace WEP with WPA. WPA is a stronger encryption standard than WEP and will provide stronger protections for your network.
• Position the wireless access point safely. Wireless signals normally reach to the exterior of a home. A small amount of “leakage” outside of the premises is not a major problem, but the further this signal reaches, the easier it is for others to detect and exploit. Wireless signals can often reach across streets and through neighboring homes. When installing a wireless home network, the position of the
access point determines its reach. Try to position these devices near the center of the home rather than near windows to minimize this leakage.
• Turn Off the Network During Extended Periods of Non-Use. The ultimate in security measures, shutting down the network will certainly prevent outside hackers from breaking in! While impractical to turn the devices off and on frequently, at least consider doing so during travel or extended periods offline
• Keep your operating system patched and updated with the latest releases.

5. Don’t use the BLINK tag – it is very annoying.
6. Give people a way to contact you with feedback about your site – an invaluable way of getting good
suggestions as well as finding out things that don’t work.
7.Think about using simple buttons and icons, as they can really liven up your site. These can be simply
designed using lots of free software readily available. Explore one of the free software CDs with one of
the internet magazines.
8. Try and keep each page short enough to fit into one browser window. Long scrolling pages are difficult
to take in, so break them up into lots of linked smaller pages.
9. Try and keep the file size of your images to below 30Kbytes for the whole page. This should allow your
pages to load quickly.
10. Avoid the use of counters as this either makes it look like the pages aren’t very well visited, or it looks
like you feel you need to tell people how popular you are.